080831整理词根

整理词根7-9：
7. ced=go
precedent, precedented, unprecedented, precede, preceding
她发表讲话以前先提议向全体委员表示感谢。She preceded her speech with a vote of thanks to the comitee.
大祸即将临头的那些日子the days that preceded the final catastrophe
这一点在前面一段里已经交待过了。This point has been dealt with in the preceding paragraph.
市政会的委员们入场后，市长也入场了。The Mayor entered, preceded by members of the council.
任职时间最长的官员事事优先。The longest-serving officer always takes precedence.
长子较之非长子享有优先权。The elder son has precedence over the younger one.
公众的利益高于个人利益。The needs of the community must take precedence over individual requirements.
按社会等级排列的英国贵族名单a list of the English aristocracy in order of precedence, ie in order of social rank
没有先例without precedent
打破先例break with precedent
开创先例create/establish/set a precedent (for sth)
为某事物提供范例serve as a precedent for sth
这种行动没有先例可循。There is no precedent for such an action.
在英国法律中无前例可援的判决a decision not precedented in English law
失业率达到的前所未有的严重程度unprecedented levels of unemployment
该校有史以来未曾出现过的情况a situation unprecedented in the history of the school
exceed, excess, excessive
价格不会超过100美元。The price will not exceed $100.
容纳的数目不得超过200。The number admitted must not exceed 200.
他们的成功出乎一切预料。Their success exceeded all expectations.
超速exceed the speed limit
越权exceed one's instructions/authority
过分的热情、愤怒、感情、热心an excess of enthusiasm, anger, emotion, zeal, etc
饮食中脂肪过量能导致心脏病。An excess of fat in one's diet can lead to heart disease.
不要肝火过剩。Don't carry your anger to excess.
超过100公斤的行李要额外收费。Luggage in excess of 100kg will be charged extra.
向她索取的比账单上显示的数额多出4美元。She was charged an excess of $4 over the amount stated on the bill.
占领军犯下的灭绝人性的暴行，人们是永远也不会忘记的。The excesses committed by the occupying troops will never be forgotte.
尽人皆知他在聚会上十分放肆。His excesses at parties are well known.
补票费excess fare
盈利高的公司须向政府交纳额外利得税。A company which makes high profits must pay excess profits duty to the government.
对运动的狂热an excessive enthusiasm for sport
过量的酒精an excessive amount of alcohol
过高的价格excessive prices
proceed, procedure, process, procession
工作正在慢慢地继续进行着。Work is proceeding slowly.
最好采取什么方式继续下去？What is the best way of proceeding?
我们继续进行下一个议程吧。Let us proceed to the next item on the agenda.
她先表明她非常喜欢这个，然后批评我方法不当。Having said how much she liked it , she then proceeded to criticeze the way I'd done it.
我那时正沿着大街向北去，走着走着…I was proceeding along the high street in a northerly direction when...
请继续作你的报告吧Please proceed with your report
我们着手进行有计划的投资好吗？Shall we proceed with the planned investment?
战争所带来的灾祸the evils that proceed from war
他获准攻读文学硕士学位He was allowed to proceed to an MA.
他们举办了一次音乐会，把收入捐给了慈善机构。They gave a concert and donated the proceeds to charity.
送葬行列a funeral procession
游行队伍缓慢地走下坡路The procession moved slowly down the hill.
参观者川流不息地向这所房子走来A procession of visitors came to the house.
教徒们排着队进入教堂The congregation entered the church in procession
商定的/正确的/确定的/正常的/一般的程序(the)agreed/correct/extablished/normal/usual procedure
别再为程序问题争辩了，咱们着手议正事吧。Stop arguing about procedure and let's get down to business.
议会议事程序parliamentary procedure
登记出生或死亡的手续很简单Registering a birth or death is a straightforward procedure.
向公司索取退款手续很复杂。Obtaining a refund from the company is a complicated procedure.
在银行开个账户要办什么手续？What's the procedure for opening a bank account?
antecedent
雏形/祖先/鼻祖
先行词
successor, succession, successive, succeed
王位的继承人the successor to the throne
任命继任校长
这种汽车是我厂著名的带上掀式斜背小轿车的换代产品This car is the successor to our popular hatchback model.
recession, recede
工业贸易等的衰退an industrial, a trade, etc recession
洪水的逐渐消退a gradual recession of flood waters
retrocede, retrocession
交还，后退
intercede, intercession, intercessor
我们代表含冤入狱的人向当局求情We have interceded with the authorities on behalf of people unfairly imprisoned there


8. cept=take
except, exception, exceptional
这次调查仅仅不包括五岁以下的儿童Only children under five are excepted from this survey.
我们大家都得参加跑步训练，无人例外。We all had to take part in the training run, with nobody excepted.
(文)全体教职员工，也包括校长
the whold staff, not excepting the headmaster
（用作发表批评言论时的礼貌用语）我不是指在座的诸位present company excepted/excepting present company
accept, acceptance, acceptable
他同班同学从未真正地把他当作自己人。He was never really accepted by his classmates.
这是公认的事实。It is an accepted fact
我们能够相信他所的是实情吗？Can we accept his account as the true version?
我们不相信你的解释We do not accept your explanation
我认为不能责怪他。I cannot accept that he is to blame
他承认那事故是他的错。He accepts blame for the accident
你必须对你行动的后果负责You must accept the consequences of your action.
我赞成所提出的变动I accept the proposed changes
可冒的险、可做的牺牲、可容许的利润幅度an acceptable risl, sacrifice, profit margin
我们发出请帖以后，收到的回复是五位接受，一位推辞。Since we sent out the invitations we've received five acceptances and one refusal
新法例广获赞同The new laws gained widespread acceptance
intercept, interception, interceptor
他想从后门溜走，记者把他截住了。Reporters intercepted him as he tried to leave by the rear entrance.
有效的防卫是不带对方导弹击中我们而现行将其拦截。Effective defence is a matter of intercepting their missiles before they can reach us.
警方一直截查我的邮件。The police had been intercepting my mail.
9. cid, cis=cut
decide, decidable, undecided, decision, indecision, decisive, indecisive
是什么事情使你最后决定不做此事？What finally decided you against it?
那件事使我决定离职That decided me to leave my job很难在这两者之间决定取舍It's difficult to decide between the two.
concise, precise
简明的摘要、报道a concise summary, account, etc
incise, incisive, incisor
在大腿上深切一刀make a deep incision in the thigh
中肯的评论、批评、劝告incisive comments, criticism, advice, etc中肯的评论、批评、劝告
敏锐的头脑an incisive mind
excise
外科医生切除了她乳房的肿块The surgeon excised the lomp from her breast
电影审查员坚持减去影片的这一段The cansor insisted on excising the passage from the film
suicide, homicide, patricide, insecticide, herbicide, parasiticide, parasite, bactericide
（剩下的一点留在明天做，今天剩下时间复习前几天整理词根/打印留稿）

080831法语

第二单元语法：
简单将来时
构成
第一、二组动词-ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont
-re结尾的第三组动词，去词尾e，加上述词尾
大多数第三组动词作简单将来时变位，词根有变化
用法：表将来动作或状态
副词的比较级和最高级
比较级 aussi .../plus.../moins...
最高级 le plus ... de.../le moins ... de ...
(副词最高级中只能使用惯词le)
bien, beaucoup, peu的比较和最高级
bien/aussi bien/mieux/moins bien/le mieux
beaucoup/autant/plus/le plus
peu/aussi peu/moins/le moins
连词que
连词que引出一个名词从句，这个从句是主句动词的直接宾语。（连词que永远不能省略）
关系代词que
关系代词代替其先行词，在从句中作直接宾语。（从句的动词如果是复合时态，过去分词应与在它前面的直接宾语，即que的先行词，作性、数配合。）
第一单元课文：
第一遍结束
第一单元课后题：

080831阅读

阅读：

A stirring speech
http://www.economist.com/world/unitedstates/displayStory.cfm?story_id=12012037&source=features_box_main

单词、句式总结：
胜过，超过 [盖过了] cap/top/excel/exceed/surpass
民主党代表大会democratic convention
取笑、刺激、惹怒to needle（非正式）/goad
(特)大型体育馆enormous/immense stadium
他们泼的冷水没能破坏一场盛大狂欢。Their effort to dampen the mood failed to spoil a grand party.
政坛老手veteran political hands
新闻(摘要)news bulletins/newsbreak/newsflash
粉丝adoring supporters/fans
自以为是，专横，冒失presumptuous
美国近年来最能鼓动人心的政治家
（还是理解为“美国近年来最不像政客的鼓动家”？不大像，但有待请教。）a man who can inspire like no politician in recent American history [鼓动]inspire/rousing
提出新的施政准则lay new principles
面对指责自己是“精英主义、娱乐名流”的声音，奥巴马再次讲述了父亲的移民历史和自己在单身母亲养育下的成长经历。针对认为他“以自我为中心”的观点，奥巴马说“这次大选的主角不是我，而是你们”。To the charge that he is elitist, "celebrity", he once again told the story of an immigrant father and growing up with his single mother. To the notion that he is self-obsessed, he said "This election has never been about me. It is about you".
他一向以干净磊落的方式抨击麦凯恩。He attacked McCain without ever seeming nasty. [光明磊落]fair and square/open and above board
争论 tangle with/argue/debate/dispute
口号，标语slogan
替代动力alternative power
欣然接受lap up/jump at/leap at
浪费 乱花 [糟尽]squander 优秀传统被耗尽了squander the legacy
他做到了在尊重麦凯恩的出发点及爱国心的同时，对其进行尖锐批评。He managed to be sharp in his criticism, while refusing to question Mr McCain's motive and patriotism.
红色美国red America（共和党派/保守派） 蓝色美国blue America （民主党派/自由派）
我们军队所捍卫的，即不是红色共和党，也不为蓝色民主党，而是美利坚合众国。Our troops have not served a red America or a blue America - they have served the United States of America.
大杂烩/五花八门mixed bag/hodgepodge
称颂pay tribute to/eulogy/pay a compliment to/return compliment/praise [赞叹不已]beyond praise
含蓄地关注了a soft-focus look at/pay a soft focus on
鼎立支持put one's shoulder to the(one's) wheel
消除担忧bury the fear
她的镜头名言her made-for-television line
向…发难seek blood from
约翰克里一反自己04年作为总统候选人时的呆笨形象John Kerry belied his 2004 incarnation as a wooden presidentail candidate.
标新立异maverick/rebel/unorthodox
改变主意come round to/change one's mind
按规矩办事 [循规蹈矩] toe one's line on
引发争论court controversy [引发]initiate, trigger, touch off
(发表)未经过雕琢的见解unedited thoughts on
与…一致/同一/与…相配合 fall in line with
新选出的竞选伙伴recently chosen running mate
堑壕战（亦用于竞选中的阶段名称）trench-warfare
方阵phalanx(es)
我们已对双方相当了解[知根知底]There is little left to learn about either men.
本周民主党走了不错的一着。The Democrats made a decent go this week.
下面轮到共和党了Now it's over to the Republicans.

080830

法语：复习第一章，词汇，词语用法，语法。
trouver, trouver que, se trouver; baigner, se baigner; jeter, jeter un coup d'oeil sur, se jeter, developper, se developper
被动态，比较级，最高级，倍数及分数表达法，加减乘除。

复习词根：1-6
1.
agent, agential, subagent, coagent, agency, coagency, agenda, agile, agitate, agitation, agitatress, agitated, agitating,counteragent
目前环境问题已成为政府亟需解决的问题。The environment is high on the political agenda at the moment. [亟需解决]high on the agenda, urgent problems, early action needs to be taken, be crying for, is badly in need of
当管理层宣布员工退休年龄提前的新政策时，我们怀疑这背后有什么把戏。We suspected a hidden agenda when the management declared a policy of early retirement for the staff.
像猴子那么敏捷as agile as a monkey
敏捷的才思[机敏的头脑]an agile mind/brain
他突然出现，使她心烦意乱。She was agitated by his sudden appearance at the party. [心烦意乱]upset/agitate
鼓吹税制改革agitate for tax reform [鼓吹]advocate/preach/advertise/agitate
鼓动反对核武器agitate against nuclear weapons [鼓动]promote/tickle/agitate/arouse

2.
agriculture, agricultural, agriculturist, agricorporation, agrimotor, agronomy, agronomist, agronomic, agrology, agrobiology, agrotechnique, agrochemicals, agroindustry,agrarian, agrestic
农业国agricultural/agrarain country
土地法、问题、改革agrarian laws, problems, reforms
乡土气的agrestic, rustic, vulgar, coarse

3.
anniversary, annual, annals, annalist, annuity, annuitant, perennial, superanniate,semiannal, biannual, biennual, biyearly
太阳在一年期间的运行the annual course of the sun
将载入史册的名字a name that will go down in the annals
获得些微的年金receiving a modest annuity
永恒的主题a perennial subject of interest/ an ever-lasting theme/ a constant theme/ a forever theme
反复出现的问题a perennial problem
一再的抱怨perennial compliants
你还在骑那辆老掉牙的自行车吗？Are you still riding that superannuated old bike?

4.
audience, auditorium, audible, audibility, inaudible, audit, auditor, auditory, audiphone, audio-visual, audiovisuals
请求觐见女王request an audience with the Queen
准予外国大使私人谒见grant a private audience to a foreign ambassador
数以百万计的人们在电视上观看皇家婚礼。An audience of millions watched the royal wedding on TV.
她曾向全国各地的听众演讲。She has addressed audiences all over the country.
在风中，她的声音几乎听不见。Her voive was scarcely audible above the noise of the wind.
用低得难以听到的声音说话speak in an almost inaudible voice

5.
rebel, rebellion, rebellious, bellicose, belligerent
谁受这样的对待都得反抗。Such treatment would make anyone rebel.
他终于起来反抗那种严厉管教他的方式。He finally rebelled against his strict upbringing.
叛军rebel forces
她总是有点桀骜不驯。She has always been a bit of a rebel.
起来造反rise (up) in open rebellion
两年中的五次叛乱five rebellions in two years
反叛部落rebellious tribes
叛逆的行动、活动、行为等rebellious acts, activities, behaviour, etc
倔强的孩子a child with a rebellious temperament
好斗的民族、天性a bellicose nation, nation (eager to fight, warlike, aggressive)
交战国the belligerent powers, ie those countries at war
寻衅的人、态度、言辞a belligerent person, manner, speech


6.
abbreviate, abbreviation, abbreviator, brevity, breviary, breif
在书写时，Doctor头衔的缩写是Dr.In writing, the title "Doctor" is abbreciated to "Dr."
GB是Great Britain的缩写。"GB" is the abbreviation of/for "Great Britain".
言贵简。Brevity is the soul of wit.
他以言辞简洁著称。He is famous for the brevity of his speech.
莫扎特短暂的一生the brevity of Mozart's life
莫扎特的一生是短暂的Mozart's life was breif.
短暂的谈话、讨论、会议、访问、耽搁a breif conversation, discussion, meeting, visit, delay
短小的比基尼泳衣a brief bikini