新词根：
247. val 强
invalid 站不住脚的论据、没有根据的假定、没有道理的要求an invalid argument, assumption, claim, etc.宣布一婚姻在法律上无效declare a marriage invalid 护照过期是无效的a passport that is out of date is invalid
invalidity
invalidism
valiant (修辞)brave or determined; 顽强的抵抗、努力valiant resistence, efforts 她放大胆笑了起来。She made a valiant attempt to laugh.
valour/valor (修辞)bravery, esp in war 显示出极大的勇气display great valor 因勇敢而受奖的军人soldiers decorated(ie given awards)for valor
valorous
convalesce [I]regain one's helth and strength after an illness 她经过住院治疗后，前往海滨养病。She went to the seaside to convalesce after her stay in hospital.
convalescence
convalescent疗养所a convalescent home, ie a type of hospital where people convalesce
248. van 空，无
vanish 那小偷消失在人群中。The theif vanished into the crowd. 消失得无影无踪vanish into thin air 我的成功前景[希望]已破灭My prospects/hopes of success have vanished
vanity 在她的举止中毫无虚荣表现not a trace of vanity in her behavior 迎合某人的虚荣心tickle sb's vanity, ie do or say sth that flatters him 受到伤害的虚荣心injured vanity, ie resentment caused by slight or humiliation 人类成就之徒劳无益the vanity of human achievements
evanesce
evanescence
evanescent 如雪花落入河中，瞬即消失as evanescent as snowflakes on a river 流行歌曲演唱者一瞬即逝的声誉a pop singer's evaneswcent fame
evanish[诗] 消失；死
251. vol, volunt 意志，意愿
volition 她完全是自愿离开的。She left entirely of her own volition.
volitional 自愿的活动a volitional act
volitive
benevolence
benevolent和蔼可亲的神态、态度、样子a benevolent air, attitude, manner 发善心的独裁者a benevolent dictator 施仁政的专制政体benevolent despotism 慈善机构[团体/基金]a benevolent institution/society
malevolence恶意；敌意；怨恨
malevolent恶毒的人、神色、微笑a malevolent person, look, smile
volunteer
voluntary那个犯人主动地做了供述。The prisoner made a voluntary statement. 慈善事业依靠自愿捐赠。Charities rely on voluntary donnations/contributions. 那家商号自动停业清算债务。The firm went into voluntary liquidation. 这个组织是由志愿人员管理的。The organization is run on a voluntary basis. 义务性的服务、机构、中心等a voluntary service, institurion, centre风琴、小号独奏organ, trumpet voluntary
voluntarily
involuntary 因吃惊而引起的不自觉的动作an involuntary movement of surprise, eg jumping when startled
involuntary
阅读：
The cost for Russia （背景知识：格鲁吉亚，南奥塞梯，颜色革命，乌克兰橙色革命，科索沃，车臣。）
http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displayStory.cfm?story_id=12010136
单词、句式总结：
蒸发evaporate
假释parole
扣押detained
使厌倦，使苦恼irk
反驳retort
超出人们意料地扮演了战争领袖的角色has been cast in the unlikely role of war leader
喜欢上打仗got a taste for war
假借的托词the argument is spurious
民族主义领导人曾在南奥塞梯实施暴行nationalistic leaders committed atrocities in South Ossetia
俄罗斯支持格鲁吉亚的分裂主义行径，却残酷地镇压了车臣的的分裂活动。Russia has bolstered separatism in Georgia but crushed it brutally in Chechnya.
与…的抗议活动如出一辙in a repeat of a protest（不要再用just as...了）
我们无所畏惧，包括冷战。Nothing scares us, including the prospect of a cold war.
培养仇外情绪cultivate xenophobic sentiment
视法国的停火协商为儿戏made a mockery of the French-negotiated ceasefire
普京构建的政治体系需要有假想敌和四面楚歌的周边环境的支撑the political system built by Mr Putin requires the images of an enemy and a besieged fortress
格鲁吉亚的分裂the partition of Georgia
Obama Takes Aim at Bush and McCain With a Forceful Call to ‘Change America’
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/29/us/politics/29dems.html?_r=1&hp&oref=slogin
复习旧词根16-18，1-6
法语：复习第四章，第一章
